Rail vehicle



June 1, 1937. 0. HACKER RAIL VEHICLE Filed March 28, 1953 Oskar Hacker,

IN VE N T d W/ ATTOR PatentedJune 1,1931 I N E 1 STATES PATENT. QFFICE oulm- Hacker, Austria, u.

signor to the firm Austro-Daimlcr-Puchwerke A- G Wiener-Neustadt,

Application March 2a, 1933. Serial No. 683,127

In Austria September 1a, 1932 a e Claims. (01. 1T05-453) This invention relates to a rail vehicle and lattice girder with the top beam or and the bottom consists more particularly in this, that the frame beam c2, the axle b being disposed between the of the which rests on pneumatic cushions in such top beam and the bottom beam. The normal vea manner that the pneumatic cushions elastically 'hicle springs or supporting springs d are disposed transmit. or damp not only vertical forces or verwith th irpr housings W h n & fell e 8 for tical shocks from the rails, but also horizontal the pneumatic tube, which felloe supports the forcesor horizontal shocks from the rails. A pneumatic tube e, the spring housing being prefpreferred constructionalrform is one in which erably mounted 50 as to callable 0f turnin! 1n the pneumatic cushion or cushions are made in the felloe, while however it can also be fixed 10 the form of pneumatic tubes which are disposed therein. 10 between the wheel axle and the axle guiding The arrangement is such that, h Pneumatic means. The arrangement may be made such tube transmits the weight of the vehicle in a that the vehicle springs or axle springs coact similar manner as in road vehicles from the through the intermediary of the pneumatic cushspring through the spring housing and through ions or pneumatic tubes with the wheel axles or the pneumatic tube felloe to the suitably con- 15 1 that the pneumatic cushions are disposed b'e- 'structed axle. s tween the spring andthe axle. By means of lat- For damping lateral shocks the axle b is made eral stops which may be elastic for the pneumatic trapezoidal n ide l v n, the w limbs t cushions or pneumatic tubes, the latter may easily 0f the trapezoid 1011111118 a lateral guide for the v be made capable of damping lateral or horizontal vehicle frame for supporting the pneumatic tubes.

. shocks. For damping lateral or" horizontal The axle is suitably so constructed that these shocks a constructional form is preferred in which two limbs act as a supporting surface of such an the lateral stops are made in the form of an ininclination for the pneuma tubes that h clined plane or an inclined supporting surface pneumatic tubes by travelling up them may ex- 0 for the pneumatic tube. Such a construction of perience a lifting motion.

the lateral stops as an inclined supporting surface This provides a further very important advanhas the 'advantage that the supporting surface 52128. On ce u a forces Occurring in Curves, may at the same time be formed as an inclined which force the vehicle outwards, a small rolling plane of such an inclination for. the vertical momotion of the outer pneu ube against a tion of the air tube that on lateral shocks occurinclined ascending part of the axle is produced, ring and when negotiating curves, the pneumatic which causes a slig t raising of the Outer P Of tube can move vertically on the inclined supportthe frame and consequently an inward inclinaing surface, whereby the vehicle body is given an tion of the vehicle body. When such an inward inward inclination in the curve or at least will inclination is undesirable in cases where there be prevented from tending to incline outward. is a considerable super-elevation of the rail in In the accompanying drawing several construccurves, the inclination of the inclined part of the tional examples of the invention are shown diaaxle is. made such that in the outward rolling grammatically, in which the pneumaticcushions motion the increased compression of the outer are made in the form of pneumatic tubes. tube supporting the greater load in the curve is Fig. 1 is a front view and partial vertical seconly just compensated. 40

tion of one form of construction involving my in-. By suitably dimensioning the space 1 between vention. the upper part of the pneumatic tube and an ex- Fig..2 is a plan view and partial section showtension 9', a suitable limitation of the spring dising a modified form of my invention. placement can be obtained. If through overload- Fig. 3 is a vertical section showing another ing or through resonance vibrations the range of 5,

modification. 1 oscillation of the frame should become particu- Fig. 4 is a vertical section showing another larly great, the extension 0 will bear directly on modification. 1 the pneumatic tube. By this means the play of Fig. 5 is a side view and partial section showthe supporting spring d is elastically limited.

' ing the body and'mounting of the leaf springs The lateral motions of the vehicle frame with and indicating the pofltion of the wheels of a respect to the axle can of course be limited by form such as shown in Fig. 1. suitable stops it. v

In the constructional form shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 1 shows an, example for undriven axles. the normal rail wheels a are mounted on an axle A constructional example for driven axles is b. The vehicle body 0 is made in the form of a shown in Fig. 2. In this example the driving 55 axle extends in front of or behind the pneumatic cushions. For damping shocks preferably two pneumatic tubes e are provided both to the right of and the left of the driving axle w which is guided above or below the supporting springs d.

The constructional form shown in Fig. 1 could of course also be used for driven axles, in which case the wheels might be driven by chains or the like.

In the constructional example shown in Fig. 3 the wheels a are fixed rigidly on the rotating axle b which runs in bearings i. The bearing housing is mounted in a pneumatic tube felloesi which supports the pneumatic tube e. In the case of simple vehicles the vehicle frame 0 rests on the-pneumatic tube with a suitably formed supporting plate k. This supporting plate is either straight in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, whereby the loading conditions of a pneumatic tyre rolling on the road is exactly reproduced, or it may be curved so that the weight of the vehicle rests on a considerable curved portion of the pneumatic tube. This increases the deformation zone of the pneumatic'tube and decreases the local stressing.

In the transverse direction the supporting plate k is made curved and rests around the profile (cross-section) of the pneumatic tube, so that the latter is capable through its lateral stifiness of taking up lateral forces, while it absorbs shocks through its lateral elasticity.

This provides the further advantage that shocks in the direction of travel due to acceleration and braking are also transmitted to the vehicle frame after being damped, if the supporting plate does not bear fiat on the tube, but bears along a definite curve in the direction of travel.

A further constructional example is shown in Fig. 4. This arrangement is in principle the same as that shown in Fig. 1, the difference beingthat separate means are provided for taking up the horizontal and vertical forces.

'For this purpose two rubber or pneumatic cushions m, n are provided at either side, the frame 0 resting through the intermediary of the usual vehicle springs cl on the pneumatic cushions m which transmit the load of the vehicle to the axle b and to the wheels a. The

pneumatic or rubber cushions n act as guides in the lateral direction and absorb shocks which occur in travelling round curves and other points.

The arrangement may be such that when travelling round curves, the above described lifting effect is also realized. This can be effected by suitably dimensioning the size of the pneumatic cushions and by a suitable horizontal connection between the lateral guiding cushions and the supporting cushions of either side. On the occurrence of heavy lateral shocks or strong centrifugal forces in a curve, a pressure will be produced in the lateral cushions which will be propagated through the hose connection into the supporting cushion where it can produce a lifting motion.

With supporting cushions of a suitably large size the usual supporting springs may be entirely omitted.

In high quality vehicles the reaction forces occurring in the axles, due to the application of the brakes or to the drive, are taken up in a suitable manner by torque supports and push beams or similar arrangements.

The arrangement with pneumatic tubes which embrace the bearing casing concentrically on the running axle (Fig. 3) can also be constructed without torque supports and push beams if the supporting plate be arched in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and the arch being of such a length that it embraces about 180 of the tube, thus being suitable for transmitting longitudinal forces.

By making the internal radius of the supporting plate greater than the radius of the pneumatic tube the latter is given the necessary freedom of play for allowing for the deformation.

This arrangement has the advantage that the vehicle frame and consequently the vehicle body is completely insulated from the chassis both mechanically and acoustically so that not only shocks are prevented from being transmitted to the frame but also any transmission of noise due to the shocks into the interior of the vehicle is prevented.

What I claim is:

l. A rail vehicle comprising a frame, pneumatic cushions for supporting the said frame, which cushions are adapted elastically to transmit and damp both forces due to vertical shocks and forces due to horizontal shocks, and wheel axles supporting said cushions and having cranked parts forming lateral stops for engagement with the pneumatic cushions enabling the pneumatic cushions to take up lateral or horizontal forces or shocks, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A rail vehicle comprising a frame, pneumatic cushions for supporting the said frame, said cushions being adapted elastically to transmit and damp both forces due to vertical shocks and forces due to horizontal shocks, and wheel axles supporting said cushions and having cranked parts in the form of inclined planes and forming lateral stops for the pneumatic cushions enabling the pneumatic cushions to take up lateral or horizontal forces or shocks, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. A rail vehicle comprising in combination, wheels and a connecting axle therebetween on which said wheels are mounted, a vehicle frame, a resilient pneumatic cushion supporting the frame and on which shocks between the frame and axle are adapted to be absorbed and a lateral stop carried by said axle for' cooperation with said cushion, said stop having an inclined surface of such inclination that upon occurrence of lateral thrusts and upon rounding curves the cushion may ride up the inclined surface and oppose the tendency of the vehicle to incline outwardly, said cushion being of generally circular shape and adapted to rotate about its axis in riding up said inclined surface.

4. A rail vehicle comprising in combination, wheels and a connecting axle therebetween on which said wheels are mounted, a vehicle frame, a resilient pneumatic cushion supporting the frame and on which shocks between the frame and axle are adapted to be absorbed and a lateral stop carried by said axle for cooperation with said cushion, said stop having an inclined surface of such inclination that upon occurrence of lateral thrusts and upon rounding curves the cushion may ride up the inclined surface and oppose the tendency of the vehicle to incline outwardly, said inclined surface being constituted by a portion of the wheel axle and said axle'being non-rotatable.

5. A rail vehicle comprising in combination, wheels and a connecting axle therebetween on which said wheels are mounted, a vehicle frame, a resilient pneumatic cushion supporting the frame and on which shocks between the frame and axle are adapted to be absorbed and a lateral stop carried by said axle for cooperation with said cushion, said stop having an inclined surface of such inclination that upon occurrence of lateral thrusts and upon rounding curves the cushion may ride up the inclined surface and oppose the tendency of the vehicle to incline outwardly, said cushion being supported by a spring in a position ready to ride up said in- 10 clined surface.

springs connected to said frame for supporting the body, wheel axles to which said springs are indirectly connected, said connection comprising pneumatic tubes cooperating with said wheel axles elastically to transmit and damp both forces due to vertical shocks and forces due to horizontal shocks and hollow rims carried by said tubes, the springs being disposed within the said hollow rims, as and for the purpose set forth.

OSKAR HACKER. 

